Add in the wattage of all permanent appliances, such as washer/dryer, electric range, or water heaters. Subtract 10,000 & multiply this number by .40. Add 10,000. Add the wattage of your AC or heating appliances (furnace + space heaters), whichever is greater – Don’t add both! Divide by 240.The Electrical Length Calculator is a valuable tool that simplifies these calculations, making it easier for engineers and enthusiasts to fine-tune their designs. Formula: Before delving into the calculator, let’s explore the formula used to calculate electrical length: Electrical Length (in degrees) = (Physical Length / Wavelength) × 360 Electricity Bill Calculator UK. Welcome to Electricity Bill Calculator UK. We are the leading online energy bill calculator to work out electricity cost and estimate KWh usage from meter readings or a recent utility bill from your energy supplier. Enter your previous and current meter readings below and click the ‘Calculate’ button to get ... Electrical and Electronics Calculators. These electrical and electronics engineering calculators are to help electronics/circuit designers to solve complex equations and calculations quickly. LC Tank Circuit Resonance Calculator. Resistor Wattage Calculator. Bitwise Calculator.This could cause the plug in the wall socket to overheat and possibly cause a fire. Use our overload calculator (below) to check if you’re exceeding the maximum load. The Socket Calculator has been brought to you by Electrical Safety First. For more safety information visit https://www.electricalsafetyfirst.org.uk.Find Electrical Engineering Calculator at CalcTown. Use our free online app Electrical Engineering Calculator to determine all important calculations with parameters and …Learn the Power Formula. We’ve seen the formula for determining the power in an electric circuit: by multiplying the voltage in “volts” by the current in “amps” we arrive at an answer in “watts.” Let’s apply this to a circuit example: How to Use Ohm’s Law to Determine Current. In the above circuit, we know we have a battery voltage of 18 volts and a lamp …Electrical Load Calculation Formula. The formula to calculate the electrical load is quite simple. You just need to multiply the voltage (V) by the amperage (A). The formula looks like this in code format: P = V x A.Electricity Calculator. Use the calculator below to estimate electricity usage and cost based on the power requirements and usage of appliances. The amount of time and power that each appliance is used varies significantly between households, so for the best results, adjust the usage for each appliance to … See moreThe calculator will give you the next AWG size up, as it is always better to have a thicker wire to be safe, if possible. Calculating wire sizes for three-phase AC. For a three-phase AC electrical, three cables are used instead of one. The calculator is designed to accept the total line voltage and current of the combined three cables.This Calculator will determine the minimum size conductor needed based on a 3% Voltage Drop. It does not take into consideration other factors such as minimum ampacity based on the National Electric Code Table 310 … Electricity cost calculation. The electricity cost per day in dollars is equal to the energy consumption E in kWh per day times the energy cost of 1 kWh in cents/kWh divided by 100 cents per dollar: Cost ($/day) = E(kWh/day) × Cost (cent/kWh) / 100 (cent/$) See also. Energy consumption calculator. How to save electricity. ah to kwh calculator. Amp hours to Watt Hours. Amps to KVA Calculator. Amps to Kilowatts Calculator. Free online electrical and electronic calculator and electrical conversion calculator. Energy Usage Calculation Formula. To calculate energy consumption follow this simple formula. Energy (E) in kilowatt-hours (kWh) is equal to the power (P) in watts (W) multiplied by the number of hours used (t) per day divided by 1,000 watts per kilowatt. E(kWh/day) = P(W) × t(h/day) / 1000(W/kW) Meralco Appliance CalculatorAC Power is an alternating current electrical energy consumed by the load connected in an electrical circuit, generally measured in horsepower, watts, kilo-watts or kilo-watts-hour. Whereas, single phase electric power is the electrical energy consumed by the load from phase & neutral.Three phase electric power is also the measure of electrical energy …My Electrical Calculator is a free educational and reference Android application developed by Sparkle Solutions. This app contains 45 calculators that can calculate various electrical parameters quickly and easily. It offers automatic calculations and conversions with every unit and value change. The calculated values and results can …Wattage in Watts / 1,000 × Hours Used × Electricity Price per kWh = Cost of Electricity. So, for example, if we have a 40 W lightbulb left on for 12 hours a day and electricity costs $.15 per kilowatt-hour, the calculation is: 40 watts / 1,000 × 12 hours × $.15/kWh = $.072. This electricity cost calculator works out how much electricity a ...Electrical calculations should be made for all projects that include electrical components and should be filed in the project notebook. Electrical Design Calculations Needed For Projects. Design calculations may be made either manually or by computer programs. At a minimum, the following types of calculations should be …To calculate the electricity bill in Bangladesh for Desco and Nesco, you need to follow the bellow formula. Unit Price + ( Demand change × Load ) + 5% VAT (Additional late payment fee could also be applied). You can easily calculate the total bill from this website. To calculate the electricity price for any type of consumer follow the bellow ... Energy Usage Calculation Formula. To calculate energy consumption follow this simple formula. Energy (E) in kilowatt-hours (kWh) is equal to the power (P) in watts (W) multiplied by the number of hours used (t) per day divided by 1,000 watts per kilowatt. E(kWh/day) = P(W) × t(h/day) / 1000(W/kW) Wire diameter calculation. The n gauge wire diameter d n in millimeters (mm) is equal to 0.127mm times 92 raised to the power of 36 minus gauge number n, divided by 39: d n (mm) = 0.127 mm × 92 (36-n)/39 . 0.127mm is the diameter of gauge #36. Wire cross sectional area calculationElectrical Calculators Org. Search for: Hydroelectric Power Calculator – Hydro Power Plant Formula Equation Calculator. Hydroelectric Power Calculator is a useful online calculation tool used to calculate the power generated in kilowatts and megawatts from the known values of density in kg/m 3, ...Electricity Bill Calculator UK. Welcome to Electricity Bill Calculator UK. We are the leading online energy bill calculator to work out electricity cost and estimate KWh usage from meter readings or a recent utility bill from your energy supplier. Enter your previous and current meter readings below and click the ‘Calculate’ button to get an advanced …Power Consumption (Annual) = Power Usage (Watts) x Time (Hours) x 365 (Days) Example: A 1700 Watts Electric kettle runs for 1 hours daily. Calculate the energy consumption in Wh and kWh in one year. Annual power usage in Wh = 1700W x 1 Hours x 365 days= 620500 Wh / year. Annual power usage in kWh = 620500 Wh /1000 = 620.5 kWh / year.2. Commercial: Avg. electricity bill is Rs. 10 to 20 per units including all charges. Note: The accuracy rate of this calculator is up to 95%, we are working on it to improve it's accuracy rate. If you have any specific query, you can contact with support team via email: [email protected] or call: 8750 77 88 00.Electrical Calculations is the best app in the electrical sector, it has many calculations that can help you in your work. It can not miss in your smartphone! Main calculations: Wire size, voltage drop, current, voltage, active / apparent / reactive power, power factor, resistance, Maximum wire len…The starting point is the formula for kinetic energy: K.E. = 1/2 × m × v 2. Where: K.E. is the kinetic energy. m is the mass of the object. v is the velocity of the object. Assuming perfect conversion efficiency, the kinetic energy will equal the electrical energy (in joules), which can be related to power (P, in watts) and time (t, in ...The Residential Electrical Load Calculator is Pre-Loaded with electrical information for you to chose from. Click on the Question Mark Buttons for more specific information relating to each section and entry. Step 2. Appliances and Motor Type Loads are typically larger equipment used in the kitchen, laundry room, garage.Description. This electrical diversity calculator is for calculating the total connected load and applying diversity to get the maximum demand with diversity applied. To calculate the maximum demand we can use this formula, Total connected load x diversity factor = maximum demand. - An electrical diversity calculator based on appendix A of the ...Kilowatt-hours are the standard units of energy used by the electricity meter in our homes to calculate the amount of electrical energy we use and therefore how much we pay. So if you switch ON an electric fire with a heating element rated at 1000 watts and left it on for 1 hour you will have consumed 1 kWhr of electricity. If you switched on ...The amount of electricity or electric charge is the product of the current strength by the time the current flows. Use our Electrical Work Calculator to easily calculate the work done by an electric current, taking into account voltage, resistance, power, and energy. Perfect for students and professionals in physics and electrical engineering.1-16 of 160 results for "electric calculator" Did you mean electronic calculator. Results. Casio HR-170RC Plus, Min-Desktop Printing Calculator (New Version of The HR-100TM) 4.6 out of 5 stars 3,771. 1K+ bought in past month. $30.94 $ 30. 94. List: $54.99 $54.99. FREE delivery Sun, Dec 24 on $35 of items shipped by Amazon.AC Power is an alternating current electrical energy consumed by the load connected in an electrical circuit, generally measured in horsepower, watts, kilo-watts or kilo-watts-hour. Whereas, single phase electric power is the electrical energy consumed by the load from phase & neutral.Three phase electric power is also the measure of electrical energy …Our appliance and electronic energy use calculator allows you to estimate your annual energy use and cost to operate specific products. The wattage values provided are samples only; actual wattage of products varies depending on product age and features. Enter a wattage value for your own product for the most accurate estimate. Wattage and ...Find Electrical Engineering Calculator at CalcTown. Use our free online app Electrical Engineering Calculator to determine all important calculations with parameters and …Using the formula, the electrical load can be calculated as: P = 230 V × 10 A. = 2300 W. Understanding how to calculate electrical load is crucial for anyone working with electrical systems. Armed with this knowledge and this calculator, you can now assess the electrical load of various appliances and circuits with greater accuracy and confidence.Mike Holt worked his way up through the electrical trade from apprentice electrician through electrical contractor, to become one of the most recognized experts in the world as it relates to electrical power installations. He was a Journeyman Electrician, Master Electrician, and Electrical Contractor. In 1974, Mike realized there was a need for quality …Calculate the power and energy consumed by an electrical system using voltage, current, resistance, or time. Learn the equations and formulas for Ohm's law and Joule's law, … For three-phase circuits where you know the current, line-to-line RMS voltage, and power factor, the formula to calculate watts is: P (W) = I (A) × V L-L (V) × PF × √3. The power P in watts is equal to the product of the current I in amps, the line-to-line voltage V in volts, the power factor PF, and the square root of 3. The energy E in kilowatt-hours (kWh) per day is equal to the power P in watts (W) times the number of usage hours per day t divided by 1000 watts per kilowatt: E(kWh/day) = P(W) × t(h/day) / 1000 (W/kW) Estimate and manage your power usage with our Energy Consumption Calculator. Easily calculate electricity costs, understand energy efficiency ... Energy Cost Calculation. The energy cost per day in dollars is equal to the energy consumption E in kWh per day times the energy cost of 1 kWh in cents/kWh divided by 100 cents per dollar: Cost ($/day) = E(kWh/day) × Cost (cent/kWh) / 100 (cent/$) Calculate and estimate your energy costs effortlessly with RapidTables.info's Energy Cost Calculator.The Blakley calculator helps carry out basic electrical calculations, voltage drop of cables, transformer sizing and Power Factor Correction. About; Industries . Industry Groups; Industry Focus; Resource Hub; Case Studies; Contact; 0333 188 0284 0 items Quote List. X. No products in the listFind and use various calculators for electrical engineering and electronics, such as resistor color code, ideal diode, instrumentation amplifier, and more. Learn how to calculate resistance, current, voltage, …Electricity Cost Calculator UK: Prices based on the new Energy Price Cap (October 2022). Electricity Consumption in Kilowatt Hours (kWhs): *. The average UK electricity bill is 2,900 kWh of electricity each year. Cost of Electricity (In Great British Pounds (£)): This figure is based on the latest Energy Price Cap*.The Ideal Electrical Design And Circuit Calculation Software for Electrical Contractors, Electrical Consultants and Electrical Engineers. User Friendly Interface with Full and Accurate Cable Sizing Calculations to IET BS7671 and Integrated Electrical CAD Plan Design FeaturesFor example, let’s calculate the wire size of a 100-meter-long copper wire for a single-phase circuit when it must supply 30 amps of current with a 10 V voltage drop allowed: A (mm²) = 2 × 1.7241×10-8 Ω·m × 100 m × 30 A / 10 V × 1,000,000 A (mm²) = 10.3446×10-6 m² × 1,000,000 A (mm²) = 10.3446 mm². By comparing the size to the list of AWG wire sizes in …Inductive Reactance from Inductance Calculator. Note: Formulas and equations for this calculator is given below (right after calculator). Enter the values of Frequency & Inductance and click on Calculate. Result will display the calculated value of …Energy Cost Calculation. The energy cost per day in dollars is equal to the energy consumption E in kWh per day times the energy cost of 1 kWh in cents/kWh divided by 100 cents per dollar: Cost ($/day) = E(kWh/day) × Cost (cent/kWh) / 100 (cent/$) Calculate and estimate your energy costs effortlessly with RapidTables.info's Energy Cost Calculator.MacRumors reports that a built-in Calculator app for iPadOS 18 is on the way. By Emma Roth , a news writer who covers the streaming wars, consumer tech, crypto, …The amount of electricity or electric charge is the product of the current strength by the time the current flows. Use our Electrical Work Calculator to easily calculate the work done by an electric current, taking into account voltage, resistance, power, and energy. Perfect for students and professionals in physics and electrical engineering.Electricity Bill Chart 2023. Latest and updated electricity tariff rate (Effective from March 2023) This chart data is issued by Ministry of Power Energy and Mineral Resources of Bangladesh. Official Link To Tariff Last Updated - …This package was selected based on your energy needs. Please Complete Step 1. Step 3: Order Your Custom Power Station On The Next Page! Plug in your power requirements and the power calculator will help you estimate how much battery capacity you need for van life. Use this calculator to estimate your needs for a DIY campervan electrical system.Power Factor PF = 0.65. The formula of Electrical Power is P = I x V x PF. P = 3.5 x 12 x 0.65. = 27.3. Therefore, the electrical power consumed in the circuit is 27.3 Watts. Get instant help with the physics concepts you never seemed to understand with the calculators prevailing on Onlinecalculator.guru.The Electrical Length Calculator is a valuable tool that simplifies these calculations, making it easier for engineers and enthusiasts to fine-tune their designs. Formula: Before delving into the calculator, let’s explore the formula used to calculate electrical length: Electrical Length (in degrees) = (Physical Length / Wavelength) × 360Our appliance and electronic energy use calculator allows you to estimate your annual energy use and cost to operate specific products. The wattage values provided are samples only; actual wattage of products varies depending on product age and features. Enter a wattage value for your own product for the most accurate estimate. Wattage and ...Cost of electricity: £0.25 per 60 minutes. £0.245 per 60 minutes. Electricity costs are calculated using the UK: Price Cap (Apr 2024) electricity rate of £0.24 per kWh (incl. VAT). Calculations exclude the …Step Two: Calculate the Electricity Cost To find the price for the kWh used, multiply by the rate per kWh charged by the electric company by the kilowatt-hours measurement found above. Electricity costs vary by region, but the national average electricity rate is 13.87 cents per kilowatt-hour . [2]Voltage drop calculations DC / single phase calculation. The voltage drop V in volts (V) is equal to the wire current I in amps (A) times 2 times one way wire length L in feet (ft) times the wire resistance per 1000 feet R in ohms (Ω/kft) divided by 1000: Electricity Bill Calculator UK. Welcome to Electricity Bill Calculator UK. We are the leading online energy bill calculator to work out electricity cost and estimate KWh usage from meter readings or a recent utility bill from your energy supplier. Enter your previous and current meter readings below and click the ‘Calculate’ button to get ... These electrical and electronics engineering calculators are to help electronics/circuit designers to solve complex equations and calculations quickly. LC Tank Circuit …Item 1 of 4 Shilpen Patel plugs in his bidirectional electric Nissan Leaf, which is able to power his home and provide power back to the grid, at his house in London, …These electrical and electronics engineering calculators are to help electronics/circuit designers to solve complex equations and calculations quickly. LC Tank Circuit …This tool will help you calculate the load on a circuit to see if it is excessive. You can also calculate the minimum circuit breaker size for the given load. This is very useful when you are in pre-production as you will easily be able to calculate in advance whether or not you will need an external generator, and how many. Calculate.To calculate the electricity bill in Bangladesh for Desco and Nesco, you need to follow the bellow formula. Unit Price + ( Demand change × Load ) + 5% VAT (Additional late payment fee could also be applied). You can easily calculate the total bill from this website. To calculate the electricity price for any type of consumer follow the bellow ...AC Power is an alternating current electrical energy consumed by the load connected in an electrical circuit, generally measured in horsepower, watts, kilo-watts or kilo-watts-hour. Whereas, single phase electric power is the electrical energy consumed by the load from phase & neutral.Three phase electric power is also the measure of electrical energy …Electrical Formulas helps us to calculate the parameters related to electricals in any electrical components. Solved Examples. Example 1: A wire carrying a current of 4 Amperes is having a resistance of 5 \(\begin{array}{l}\omega\end{array} \). Calculate the potential difference across its ends.Use our Electrical Work Calculator to easily calculate the work done by an electric current, taking into account voltage, resistance, power, and energy. Perfect for students …Electrical Contractors, Designers, Electricians and Lighting Specialists calculate tough electrical calculations in seconds and deliver those solutions in conformance with the latest NEC®. The ElectriCalc Pro calculator is a complete electrical reference tool that will save time, trouble and money—this calc will quickly become an …Below is a calculator that will tell you how much your HECS-HELP debt will increase by if indexation is applied in the same way it did last year. It's automatically set …Current is the rate of flow of charge, and voltage measures the energy transferred per unit of charge. We can insert these definitions into the equation for power: power = d d = d d ⋅ d d = . Electrical power is the product of voltage times current. in units of watts.{{ metatags.description }}Estimate of time used: The shredder is used for about 15 minutes per day (0.25 hour). 2. Wattage: The wattage is not listed on the label, but the electrical current draw is listed at 3 amperes. 120V × 3A = 360W. 3. Daily energy consumption: 360 W …This Calculator will determine the minimum size conductor needed based on a 3% Voltage Drop. It does not take into consideration other factors such as minimum ampacity based on the National Electric Code Table 310 …Wire diameter calculation. The n gauge wire diameter d n in millimeters (mm) is equal to 0.127mm times 92 raised to the power of 36 minus gauge number n, divided by 39: d n (mm) = 0.127 mm × 92 (36-n)/39 . 0.127mm is the diameter of gauge #36. Wire cross sectional area calculation Electricity cost calculation. The electricity cost per day in dollars is equal to the energy consumption E in kWh per day times the energy cost of 1 kWh in cents/kWh divided by 100 cents per dollar: Cost ($/day) = E(kWh/day) × Cost (cent/kWh) / 100 (cent/$) See also. Energy consumption calculator. How to save electricity. ah to kwh calculator. Amp hours to Watt Hours. Amps to KVA Calculator. Amps to Kilowatts Calculator. Free online electrical and electronic calculator and electrical conversion calculator.Cable Pro Web. Cable sizing and maximum demand software in the cloud. No installation, use on any device. Try For Free. This calculator determines minimum cable size using the method described by the Australian Standard AS/NZS 3008.1.1 and uses the accurate voltage drop method. Wattage in Watts / 1,000 × Hours Used × Electricity Price per kWh = Cost of Electricity. So, for example, if we have a 40 W lightbulb left on for 12 hours a day and electricity costs $.15 per kilowatt-hour, the calculation is: 40 watts / 1,000 × 12 hours × $.15/kWh = $.072. This electricity cost calculator works out how much electricity a ... Cost per month = (Power consumed) (Energy price) Cost per month = (0.043) (9) Cost per month =$0.36 per month. It is quite convenient to use the kWh calculator cost for various values of different appliances by the electric cost calculator.An RV park electrical load calculator is a specialized computational tool designed to estimate the total electrical consumption within an RV park. By considering various appliances and their power ratings, the calculator provides an accurate estimation of the overall electrical load. This ensures proper sizing of electrical infrastructure ... Energy Usage Calculation Formula. To calculate energy consumption follow this simple formula. Energy (E) in kilowatt-hours (kWh) is equal to the power (P) in watts (W) multiplied by the number of hours used (t) per day divided by 1,000 watts per kilowatt. E(kWh/day) = P(W) × t(h/day) / 1000(W/kW)
Wattage in Watts / 1,000 × Hours Used × Electricity Price per kWh = Cost of Electricity. So, for example, if we have a 40 W lightbulb left on for 12 hours a day and electricity costs $.15 per kilowatt-hour, the calculation is: 40 watts / 1,000 × 12 hours × $.15/kWh = $.072. This electricity cost calculator works out how much electricity a ... . Goodnight
Online electrical calculators for calculations of electricity and electronics. Amps to kW calculator. Amps to kVA calculator. Amps to VA caluclator. Amps to volts calculator. … The radius of the atomic nucleus. Einstein's equation E = mc². Photon mass. Planck's Relation. Photoelectric Effect. Fermi–Dirac statistics. Use our Electric Power Calculator to quickly and easily calculate power consumption, voltage, current, and resistance in electrical circuits for improved energy efficiency and performance. Energy Cost Calculation. The energy cost per day in dollars is equal to the energy consumption E in kWh per day times the energy cost of 1 kWh in cents/kWh divided by 100 cents per dollar: Cost ($/day) = E(kWh/day) × Cost (cent/kWh) / 100 (cent/$) Calculate and estimate your energy costs effortlessly with RapidTables.info's Energy Cost Calculator.Before we carry out our conversion, we need to convert 2.4 kilowatts into watts. 2.4KW = 2400W. We can then run through the formula... Current = Power ÷ Voltage. Current = 2400W ÷ 120V. Current = 20A. Converting watts to amps is simple, really, but if you’re feeling short-circuited after all those numbers, just use our watts to amps ...This calculation does not take into account rebates, discounts, or special tariff incentives such as Off Peak Tariff Ride (OPTR), Sunday Tariff Rider (STR) etc. 4. Service Tax (ST) at the rate of 8% will be charged in TNB electricity bills for Residential Customer with consumption more than 600 kWh effective from 1st March 2024. For homes over 2,000 square feet, your electricity use may be higher. As a general reference, here are estimated monthly kWh usage ranges based on home size: 2,500 sq ft – 1,250 to 2,500 kWh. 3,000 sq ft – 1,500 to 3,000 kWh. 3,500 sq ft – 1,750 to 3,500 kWh. 4,000 sq ft – 2,000 to 4,000 kWh. 4,500 sq ft – 2,250 to 4,500 kWh. Breaker sizing calculator parameter: Choose the method: provide load (in kilowatts or watts) and current (in amps) If current selected: rated current of equipment and required safety factor (S.F) to be entered If load selected: For option: For DC, 1∅ AC and 3∅ AC. For DC circuits: voltage (in volts), power (in watts or kilowatts) and safety factor (S.F) (in … Calculate and convert different electrical units and parameters with these online electrical calculators. You can use them to convert AMP, volt, kVA, kW, dBm, dBW, electric current, resistance, capacitance, electric charge, electric power, farad, inductance, ohm and more. Calculate and convert different electrical units and parameters with these online electrical calculators. You can use them to convert AMP, volt, kVA, kW, dBm, dBW, electric current, resistance, capacitance, electric charge, electric power, farad, inductance, ohm and more. Electrical load calculations come down to a 6 key-step formula to calculate your home’s power load. Lights and outlets: Multiply the square feet of your home’s living area by 3. This calculation determines the wattage needed for light fixtures and receptacle loads. Example 2000 x 3 = 6000 watts.Electrical Calculators Org. Search for: Hydroelectric Power Calculator – Hydro Power Plant Formula Equation Calculator. Hydroelectric Power Calculator is a useful online calculation tool used to calculate the power generated in kilowatts and megawatts from the known values of density in kg/m 3, ...Find and use various calculators for electrical engineering and electronics, such as resistor color code, ideal diode, instrumentation amplifier, and more. Learn how to calculate resistance, current, voltage, …Voltage Drop Calculator. This is a calculator for the estimation of the voltage drop of an electrical circuit. The "NEC data" tab calculates based on the resistance and reactance data from the National Electrical Code (NEC). The "Estimated resistance" tab calculates based on the resistance data estimated from the wire size.Use this calculator to find the power, voltage, resistance, and current of any electrical circuit. Learn the formulas and examples of Watt's law and Ohm's law, and how to convert between different units of …Click on the appropriate electrical engineering calculator tool below to perform basic electrical engineering calculations like: short circuits, transformer fault currents, substation physical electrical clearances, cable voltage drop, power factor corrections, full motor load , conductor ampacity, grounding, lighting design, solar power systems, and more.Circuit simulation and schematics. Build and simulate circuits. right in your browser. Design with our easy-to-use schematic editor. Analog & digital circuit simulations in seconds. Professional schematic PDFs, wiring diagrams, and plots. No installation required!Electrical Power. Power is the rate at which electrical energy is transferred by an electric circuit per unit time typically expressed in the SI (International System of Units) unit of Watts. ... and R. This is essentially what the calculator does, and is just a representation of the algebraic manipulation of the equations above. To use the ....